Can A Twisted Colon Change

Lesson - 25 Nov. 2005

lecture by prof. Giuseppe Serra in Class A. 4 ° E Institute Pacinotti on Monday, November 28, 2005.

A possible definition of HISTORY LOCAL is: a story of limited territorial entity. For example, a parish, a village, a diocese, a province, a region. Beginning the study of one of these entities, there is a need to broaden the scope of the survey by the "local to general." The analysis of a village, for example, involves in addition to its description in particular, the inclusion of this entity in a wider context, its relations with the surrounding villages, with the region, with the state, and so on.
From this definition one can understand how there can be no room in and of itself, but a local report to the General and generally in relation to the premises. Among the local and the general exists a dialectical relationship one can understand the general through the local and vice versa.

WHY STUDY THE LOCAL HISTORY?

Until a few years ago, but today also happens in some cases, academic historians accused the students of local history of provincialism and given the title of "historic village" who was concerned with studies of local history.
The turning point came in the thirties. Born in 1929 in France, an innovative magazine, the "Annales", the work of Marc Bloch and Lucien Febvre. The innovation was to conceive of history as social science and thus to establish a relation with other social sciences. You can not talk about local history without put it in a geographical, economic, demographic, and so on.
From here a broad debate about the characteristics and values \u200b\u200bof local history. According to the Annales "The study of a community should be compared to the overall complexity of its aspects."
The story of a community we must situate it in the specific and must be thoroughly investigated and the whole of its activities and its characteristics, thus opening up a global survey on which the local history lends itself more easily than general, because obviously being a small part enters in more detail and analyze the relationships with others.
A case in point is a important book, published in 1975, a French historian Le Roy Ladurie Emmanule, belonging to the school of Annales, entitled "Montaillou.

Le Roy Ladurie was able to provide a number of important historical information on the history of Provence and France, writing the story of this small medieval village. Then, from local to general. A major source of the this direction turned out to church records, which began to be drafted during the Counter Reformation. Indeed, the Church was interested in knowing the social situation of the population in order to exert greater influence. Every pastor from the end of the 500 had on the job to fill out five records, one birth, one of the confirmations, one of the weddings, burials and one of one of the states of souls. The latter in particular proved to be valuable, he noted that all members of each family and then provide the historical data necessary to know the demographic situation. The census was carried out during the Easter blessing. Of course, the neglect of many priests and their lack of precision led to the frequent absence of this kind of historical documentation.
From the Thirties to date has developed a long debate on the significance of local history and its relationship with the overall story. One of the key points of local history is its dual role. In the three truth values, but the third, that teaching is not always considered. The other values \u200b\u200bare the political, cultural and scientific-knowledge. Nowadays we tend to prefer the former, but that does not mean that one is more important than the other.

VALENZA SCIENTIFIC LEARNING

As mentioned earlier between local and general history, there is a dialectical relationship, that leads to the other one for easier understanding.
First of all there is to say that the local analysis helps us to avoid the use of generalized categories. Take for example the concept of "peasant world": he speaks as if it were a homogeneous entity, when in reality consists of different categories of laborers, small landowners, farmers, in other words so many categories, each of which has different characteristics and requirements.
not possible to speak of a single country world, including that of Sardinia and the Po Valley, for example, because they are totally different. This is one of the basic points because it shows that local history is important to better define the different facets of a reality, and avoid generic interpretative schemes and often mystifying.
There are three profiles of local history:

1. Analysis of local relapse for a review of the overall process.
For example, after 1861 the historical right to the Italian government implemented a harsh policy of reforms to bridge the financing gap. In this respect the history of Sardinia has been very helpful to illustrate the situation of that period: for example, the sale of communal land caused a great loss for the farmers who came to collect the wood (under the laws of ademprivio).
popular uprisings broke out throughout the island: the best known is that of Nuoro, where the population rose to cries of "up to torramus connottu," and then to the tradition.
This episode shows that the prejudices of local history, seen as less important than general, and may be exceeded.

2. Analysis of local pressures on the general processes.
E 'need to know the local history to understand the processes of general policy.
For example, came to power in 1876 the parliamentary left, that completely changed the framework of Italian politics, economic policy and thus the geographical location of parliamentarians. In fact, it went from a historic right composed of landowners and large landowners, businessmen left to industrial, commercial, agricultural, and a liberal economic policy to a protectionist policy.
Everything becomes clearer and more consistent, though, if you know conditions, for example, Sicily or Naples because the change was due to protectionist interests precise. From here we can say that the general processes are influenced by local conditions.

3. Possible generalization of the models identified at the local level.
For example, we can link with the parish registers, that produces patterns of behavior that local populations have been extended to general models of demographic behavior. It is, therefore, a generalized use of studies and local documents.

political value-CULTURAL

One of the functions of local history and the basic points of this value is to promote the memory history.
Thanks to this man also manages to develop a concept of identity and therefore different from the others.
What is identity? It 's a sense of self that each of us, a sense that makes us aware of our diversity than the others.
The historical memory helps us to develop extended identity, or the community as a family, a football team, one country. In other words, people united by characteristics or habits that have in common. Identity is fundamental to the human being, because it is the awareness of ourselves and allows us to feel so different, but not in a "racist" (Ie I am superior to another) but in a way that leads us to compare our being with others different from us. If we were all the same, this would be useless. But we run a risk: fundamentalism, which can be political, religious, and that can lead to an exaggerated attachment to oneself, so that you fear and reject the rest, namely, the difference seen in a negative way.
E 'this is a mistake that was repeated many times throughout history, because the secret lies in accepting the plurality of identities and the comparison with others, that enriches us. Collaboration and solidarity with others, however, is feasible only if you know the others, ignorance often leads us to generalize and trivialize the diversity in judging. For example, many see the Albanians as criminals, but they are all obviously, but still there are these kinds of prejudices. About
local history, as we have already mentioned, there are still problems. 1-
Local history: a law student?
The teaching of local history in schools, despite widespread appreciation achieved in recent times, is still subject to debate. The study of local history is a law student, and yet there are still many problems that prevent them from teaching. One of these problems is the time and the exhaustive many teachers: the solution would be the choice of a few arguments to explain in detail.
is a grave mistake to expect the whole story unfolds on the surface due to lack of time. The method of selection, which is indeed the key to historical research, the student must understand the true meaning of history.

2 - Integration of local / general curriculum in the history of
We have already said that studying history is a law student, but you must teach in a way, that is being included in the program's history and not doing a lesson every now and then, separated and other general history of the program being studied.

3 - Perspectives Added staff of Sardinia's history in school curricula. Is linked to the previous problem.

4-Risk of marginalization of local history in the school. Local history can not be taught separately from the general as they are linked, separated and educationally wrong.