"So the war started as a suggestion from feudal Angioy partisan because, turned into a complaint of oppressed peoples, were it to Angioy alternos" Giuseppe Manno, Modern History of Sardinia
Angioy Don Giovanni Maria (1751 - 1808) , Bono was born in October 21, 1751 from noble parents who die shortly after his birth.
He deals with his mother's brother, Don Taddeo Arras, which is his first teacher of grammar. For other courses in languages \u200b\u200band fine arts will subsequently refer to fathers Mercedarians at their convent school in the church of Our Lady of Mercy, and after closure of the convent decreed Bogino minister in 1776, became San Ramon.
continues his studies at the college Canopoleno and at the University of Sassari, getting good results and attracting the admiration of his own teachers. Despite
'inclination for religious life, is sent by his uncle Thaddeus to continue their studies at the University of Cagliari.
He trained with the Chambers of Nieddu, uncle of the mother, but after a short period of professional services dedicated to university (all 'age of 21 years is a former professor) and later became part of the judiciary covering the important roles of judge of the Royal Audience (the highest judiciary island) and assistant to the regent of the Royal Chancellery (the most important position in the kingdom of Sardinia after the viceroy).
at the City Hall to Bono reads: "To Giovanni Maria Angioy, which inspired by the values \u200b\u200bof 'banned the 89 Sardinian crusade against feudal tyranny." This reminds us that, even if with some delay, caused by a relative state of isolation and backwardness, because even the limited means of communication then available, also Sardinia had reached the new ideas of 'Enlightenment and that certainly Physiocracy Angioy the know like many other people of culture period. This is also thanks to the effects of policy interventions and especially cultural Reform of the island made by the Minister Bogino University (1764-1765).
the age of 30 years young married Annica Belgrano, the daughter of a wealthy merchant, in the church of St. Eulalia, in the Marina district of Cagliari.
separated after the birth of Hope, the two are then reunited through the good offices of viceroy.
go to live in the district of Castello, and have two daughters, Josephine and Maria Angela.
Angioy Giovanni Maria soon proves an able and astute businessman businessman: portatogli invests capital in dowry from Belgrano in loans to individuals (there were no banks in Cagliari) and given to the purchase of houses and land.
Angioy has then give way to further demonstrate its power business, as it suggests the historical Carlino Sole, from 1789 will bear fruit in the cultivation of cotton and indigo tree for the painting of the canvas, much to raise the estimated Viceroy Balbiano.
then set up a factory of caps, in company with Andrew Delorenzo and other businesses. This raises again the enthusiasm of Balbiano that he even wanted to name the factory 's Dawn of the kingdom. "
The failure of these initiatives is undoubtedly due to the mobilization against the French invasion attempts, according to some historians, the general situation in which backward toward the island. The
Manno, from a perspective that abhors moderate revolutions and reforms expected by the grace of the Sovereign, in his work (which, according to Luciano Marrocu was then "a monument"), accuses the hard Angioy, based on a manuscript anonymous and recently reissued in a critical edition by Luciano paper entitled "History of 'troubles have occurred in the kingdom of Sardinia from the year 1792 onwards."
After the expulsion of the Piedmont (the "BET" of April 28, 1794, now commemorated as "day of Sa Sa Sardinia"), you Angioy would be the reference point of the innovators or "Jacobin" (Generically called in Italy as were those who took a stand against the old regime).
We received long lists that include judges, officials, professionals, intellectuals, artisans, shopkeepers, peasants, clergy belonging to the Sardinian faction of the Jacobins, all hoping to improve their economic and social conditions. The house
Angioy according to some, become the site of a Jacobin club where Democrats gather Cagliari and Sassari his friends.
The other clubs are coming together at the summer home of the college of nobles (current Bacaredda away to Cagliari, the former agricultural college) and in house lawyer Salvatore Cadeddu (a Palabanda, 's current botanical gardens) and in the suburb of Villanova at the Canon Cossu, brother of Joseph, the famous economist.
During the attack of France and the emergence of the enemy fleet in the Gulf of Cagliari (winter 1792-1793), the Angioy not directly involved in military operations but collects from private bids for the defense of Cagliari and takes care of accommodation Goceano militia arrived in the city under the command of his uncle, Thaddeus Arras.
In August of 1794 is sent on a mission to Iglesias with a lot of stock, due to protests of the local population about the lack of grain.
Angioy addition to providing supplies and provisions on the establishment a body of barracelli (private police force for the suppression and prevention of delinquency in rural Sardinia) seeks to regulate the procedures for collecting the donation.
The History of 'murky' Iglesias said that he would Angioy to revolutionary propaganda with the bishop who sheltered him. It also argues that the
Angioy and his friends have had contact with the French authorities by the merchant Francesco Giuseppe Ochino. Giuseppe Manno
Angioy accused of having wanted to eliminate from the political scene Pitzolo the island, past the "innovators" to moderate in 1794 after getting in return from Turin, the task of Inspector General of the Kingdom. Angioy would have been the instigator of his murder and that of the Marquis of Planargia.
After the death of the Marquis of Planargia Pitzolo and in fact, the rift between the two sides of the party of "Jacobins", moderates and radicals, is accentuated.
Angioy consequently move away from the lawyer Cabras and all his followers, even the advice of the Archbishop of Cagliari, Melano. In Chapter
above while continuing the agitation and anti-feudal Stamenti propose to appoint to the viceroy Vivalda Angioy Alternos with the task of restoring the 'order. With this appointment, he becomes, to what authority, second only to the Viceroy.
E 'hesitant in' accept 's office, 3 February 1796 but the proposal is accepted and are granted the licenses Alternos, as a person is deemed wise, moderate, its original northern Sardinia, where he had many relatives and exercised his "patronage".
In times like those that appear "normal" the enormous burdens feudal Giomaria Angioy appears as a powerful waiver of privileges for a great cause: to help the weak and oppressed. The Canon
Sisternes wrote in a memoir on the history of the revolutionary period addressed to Queen Maria Teresa, that the appointment of Angioy had intended to move away from Cagliari, and that he himself had suggested to the Viceroy to do that to cause it to collapse. Surely
Angioy realizes that this is a trap because it was out of question to take a stand against the vassals rebel against friends and get innovators and his own ideas, he decided instead to support the anti-feudal party knowing that it would be easy for his opponents outlaw.
On February 13, 1796 breaks the plunge and set off for the whole parish of Sassari Torralba, Francesco Sanna Corda and others, using them instead of four days, how many usually well if they employed the famous "winds put" in writing the Manno ; they are running genuine trionfale.Prima stopped arriving at the destination in different Villages puts an end to the abuses, is different release innocent detainees, makes peace between families in contention. So, as a Redeemer Angioy turn a lot of hope.
On February 28, 1796 makes its grand entrance in Sassari and is accompanied by the population of the Cathedral where the canons chant the "Te Deum" of thanksgiving and the bells ring in celebration.
Its popularity is skyrocketing.
Angioy, Sassari hosted by his uncle, the canon Diego Arras, is concerned immediately to enable the work of public utility to provide work for many unemployed get the grain from Cagliari, unsuccessfully applied for before, when he was still alive, the contrast between the two cities, is an urban militia that while in command of his friend Joachim Mundula.
Meanwhile his supporters developed an intense propaganda feudal villages. Some of his friends are Republican propaganda accompanied by a series of writings such as the Achilles' and the Feelings of the liberation of the Sardinian Sardinian true patriot who does not flatter. Also on
Manno, in his book "Modern History", speaks of the living room of Angioy in Sassari and complains that he is surrounded by men of bad reputation and had barons stripped of their property by promoting anti-feudal terms.
Lorenzo and Victoria Del Piano Manno argue, however, that also falls into contradiction when Angioy accusation that he wanted to make a revolution and that it surrounded men of lively temperament, when in fact people with "bright" that made the revolution!
Federico Francioni, recently the issue has deepened over whether the Angjoy tolerated or suffered these initiatives or whether it has been a "division of roles: he would leave word that his followers could play along with him the Republican propaganda that he could not have done openly because of his position.
During his stay in Sassari, Angioy you still have too many enemies, who then organized a conspiracy against him.
The viceroy orders from Cagliari to proceed with the collection of taxes, also using the strength and 'Angioy replied that he would never have made the' baronial collector. Doing so openly side with the oppressed. In
Sassari, their feudal propaganda meets a big success so that representatives of many communities invite you to visit their villages to make sure of the actual social problems.
Angioy decides to be absent from Sassari for 5-6 days to visit the villages and give notice to the Viceroy, the government entrusts to his supporters in Sassari, the deputy superintendent and lawyers Mundula Fois, Fadda, and Solis and Sotgia Mundula June 2nd part from Sassari accompanied by the secretary of the Royal Governor, John Mossa, the notary and the Councillor Stanislaus Delogu lawyer Domenico Pinna. Visit
many countries: the villagers Angioy asked if they still intend to free themselves from the slavery of feudalism and always meet all of you. The rector
Muroni bother to translate everything in logudorese Angioy say in Italian. According to the "History of Troubles" and then the Manno, he would have had the 'intention to raise armed men and then march on to establish the Republic of Cagliari. A
Semestene, Angioy hear from Bosa on the preparations in place to deal with his every move and San Leonardo, having done direct mail to seize Sassari, has confirmed that measures are taken against him.
Angioy then gives order the cavalry militia Macomer Santulussurgiu to focus on and get his orders, but it refuses to obey without the consent of the Viceroy.
A Macon, where, however, the 'Alternos (as evidenced in his book on Giovanni Cucca Macomer "Macon, documents, chronicles and history of a community" - the eighteenth century Savoy) also enjoys a cult following, is a first encounter with men willing entrance to the village lawyer Salvatore Pinna, Giovanni Maria enemy and brother of his follower Domenico.
arrived later in Orissa, with a retinue of 600 people and welcomed by the population, Angioy writes to the viceroy that it would uphold its Logudoro rights and calls for an interview with him, or with two members of the Royal Audience, and two of every Stamenti (at least one of which should have been Logudoro), even threatening to use force. The next day
Angioy send another letter to the Viceroy in which he says that, having been recently achieved peace between the King Vittorio Amedeo III and the French Republic, if he had not come to an agreement with Cagliari, he would Logudoro "a France that is separate Deputation to the King."
In Cagliari, his ex-friends, even before the viceroy received letters Angioy had already submitted an application in which he requested his dismissal and asked him to send in the Cape di Sopra, with full powers, the tax lawyer Don Giannantonio Delrio, to normalize the situation.
The viceroy, upon receiving the first letter of Angioy, you are hereby directed to convene cavalry militia of the various villages to move against.
also appointed its delegates Guiso, Musso, and Pintor Sirigu that, together with the lawyer Delrio, would restore peace in various public and Logudoro pregoni with which grants amnesty to the "people seduced and ill-advised" that had until then participated in the insurrection angioiana; 1500 lire sardines promises to those who will deliver justice to the corpse of one of the main leaders of the revolt and 3000 pounds sardines to those who deliver it vivo.
Cagliari while the false news spread that the army has come to Angioy Serramanna and the city goes into utter disarray. In the meantime
Oristano Angioy expected response from the viceroy and still hope for some good news. Cocco's lawyer sent a letter enclosing the pregone that bans and so left to return to Oristano Sassari, after armed clashes between his men and Oristano.
Angioy realized to be in a desperate situation, as they have been ignored his requests for aid to villages that previously had also participated in the anti-feudal movement.
But the point still to be clarified is this: he wanted really march to Cagliari?
He knew it would be a folly to think to conquer Cagliari with a few hundred armed men, no senior officers, without artillery, without sufficient ammunition without being able to count on the support of ex-friends traitors.
In Cagliari, the viceroy Vivalda Judge assigned to the Royal Audience, Don Giuseppe Valentino, under contract against Angioy, Mundula, Fadda and other leaders of the accused wants to change the political structure of the Kingdom. The judge Valentino
get many complaints are true or false and so many innocent people who were arrested remain in prison for a long time, while still others are sentenced to death.
The body of the condemned was usually burned and the ashes scattered to the wind, or the head was exposed in an iron cage and hung outside the city. But the sentence imposed on
Fadda is particularly cruel, in fact he was sentenced to 'hanging' sficcarglisi head from the body and seek his view, by an iron grate in the door of the castle of this town, dividing the body quarters and "grieve" places established by the Viceroy's delegation in the vicinity of that city, including the confession of complicity on torture and the payment of expenses. " On June 16, 1796
Angioy party with friends to reach Genoa and Porto Torres, where you move later in several Italian cities going up in Castiglione, where he hopes to meet Napoleon, however, does not want to receive it because, after the Peace of Paris (May 15, 1796), France no longer has any interest to occupy Sardinia.
In October 1796 the King Vittorio Amedeo III dies and is succeeded by his son Carlo Emanuele IV, to clarify the situation on the island and dell'Angioy himself, decides to invite him to Turin, guaranteeing freedom and offering money for the travel. The Angioy hopes to travel to Turin for the final abolition of feudalism and is still sure of his ideas and that they would guarantee a better future for Sardinia. In Torino he meets
tax lawyer of the Supreme Council of Sardinia, Louis Hood, who invited him to stay in House, pending the decision of the king. Here Angioy would, according to the testimony of Frassu, put in writing his memoirs a very effective defense.
account had become inadequate, however, did not have a good chance and learned of a plot against his life, he abandoned farmhouse and stealthily went to France where he finally detached from the French who openly calls to occupy Sardinia.
Paris lives in the guest house of the widow Dupont.
As you know there is a Masonic Lodge in Sassari "Giovanni Maria Angioy" it seems that he is affiliated with Freemasonry (yet non-existent in Sardinia) during his French exile, his personality being recognized in accordance with the ideals of the Freemasons.
died February 22, 1808.
Leave a considerable debt to the woman who, when he goes to special guest of the French consul Esperson Sassari, tries in vain to obtain reimbursement from her daughters dell'Angioy which very little affection for the memory of his father, would have even tried to change surname.
Bibliography
were consulted: the site
http://digilander.libero.it/bono2k/gma.html
and text by Lorenzo Victory of the Plan and the plan: "John and Mary Angioy the revolutionary period 1793-1812", published by CR - Quartu S. Elena, 2000.
The breeze is from the school site http://www.rivsarda.it/ namely
http://tinyurl.com/65zwwo
